The Verbenaceae ( VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.
The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.
Economically important Verbenaceae include:
Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Taxonomy
Golden dew drops (Duranta erecta)
Frog fruit (Phyla nodiflora)
Glandularia pulchella in Kerala
33 genera are accepted. Tribes and genera in the family and their estimated species numbers:
Casselieae (Schauer) Tronc.
Casselia Nees & Mart. - 6 species
Parodianthus Tronc. - 2 species
Tamonea Aubl. - 6 species
Citharexyleae Briq.
Citharexylum L. (fiddlewoods) - 60 species
Rehdera Moldenke - 3 species
Duranteae Bent.
Bouchea Cham. - 13 species
Chascanum E.Mey - 27 species
Duranta L. - 31 species
Recordia Moldenke - 2 species
Stachytarpheta Vahl - 120 species
Lantaneae Endl.
Aloysia Palau (beebrushes) - 36 species
Coelocarpum Balf.f. - 6 species
Diphyllocalyx (Griseb.) Greuter & R.Rankin - 6 species
Isidroa Greuter & R.Rankin - 1 species
Lantana L. (shrub verbenas, lantanas) - 100 species
Lippia L. (synonym Burroughsia Moldenke) - 140 species
Nashia Millsp. - 1 species
Phyla Lour. (frogfruits) - 5 species
Salimenaea N.O'Leary & P.Moroni – 1 species
Troncosoa N.O'Leary & P.Moroni - 1 species
Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'Leary
Diostea Miers - 1 species
Lampayo Phil. ex Murillo - 3 species
Neosparton Griseb. - 3 species